Slavery and the slave trade by 
The Slave Trade by 
Black peoples of the Americas by 
A history of pseudoscientific methods “proving” white biological superiority and flawed social studies used to show “inherent” racial characteristics still influence society today.
Comprehensive article on the racial sciences present before and during the Antebellum period and how these sciences became politicised in trying to prove that some races were inherently inferior.
“His Native, Hot Country” : This journal article explores the evolving medical approaches to race and environment in the early national and antebellum United States.
Life for enslaved men and women was brutal; they were subject to repression, harsh punishments, and strict racial policing.
